Conservação da natureza, direitos indígenas e colonialismo de povoamento: a política dos pa-gamentos por serviços ambientais em Mato Grosso do Sul (Brasil)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20435/serie-estudos.v26i56.1528Palavras-chave:
pagamentos por serviços ambientais, Brasil, direitos indígenasResumo
Os pagamentos por serviços ambientais (PSA) são fortemente criticados por acadêmicos da ecologia política. Predominantemente, suas críticas estão enraizadas em noções de justiça distributiva, que se concentram no impacto negativo (por exemplo, distribuição de direitos a terra) de PSA para comunidades indígenas e outras comunidades locais. Muitos defensores liberais do PSA não negam que tais problemas sejam reais. No entanto, eles colocam mais ênfase na justiça processual e afirmam que o PSA pode desencadear uma institucionalização de diálogos mais inclusivos. Até o momento, ambas as vertentes da literatura subestimam o impacto das condições pós-coloniais em que muitos projetos de PSA estão situados. É aqui que entra nosso artigo. Investigamos a política inicial de PSA em Mato Grosso do Sul, uma província brasileira dominada pelo contínuo colonialismo de povoamento. Os resultados de nossa pesquisa indicam que a implementação de procedimentos inclusivos em projetos de PSA pode mitigar parcialmente as consequências do colonialismo de povoamento em curso, mas isso frequentemente falha por estar embutido nas estruturas de uma economia política de formato colonial. Embora o PSA ocasionalmente dê poder aos atores indígenas para enfrentar as elites locais de forma mais eficaz e para fortalecer os direitos das mulheres indígenas, as transformações resultantes dentro das próprias comunidades provavelmente enfraquecerão sua auto-organização política.
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INTERVIEWS
INTERVIEW 454: Representative of a transnational environmental NGO. Skype conversation, Feb-ruary 21, 2019.
INTERVIEW 455: Representative of the federal public prosecution office. Ministério Público. Pon-ta Porã, March 26, 2019.
INTERVIEW 456: Indigenous spokesperson and lawyer, Campo Grande, March 29, 2019.
INTERVIEW 458: Natural scientist at a public university. Campo Grande, March 29, 2019.
INTERVIEW 459: Deputy of the legislative assembly of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, March 29, 2019.
INTERVIEW 460: Group conversation with indigenous lawyers and activists, Campo Grande, March 31, 2019.
INTERVIEW 461: Group conversation with representatives of the federal prosecution office
(Ministerio Público), Naviraí, April 1, 2019.
INTERVIEW 462: Natural scientist at a public university. Dourados, April 1, 2019.
INTERVIEW 463: Representative of the National Office for Indigenous Affairs (FUNAI), Doura-dos, April 2, 2019.
INTERVIEW 464: Indigenous spokesperson. Tacurú, April 2, 2019.
INTERVIEW 465: Representative of the government of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, April 3, 2019.
INTERVIEW 466: Representative of the federal public prosecution office. Ministerio Público. Campo Grande, April 3, 2019.
INTERVIEW 468: Social scientist and indigenous activist, professor at a private university, April 6 and 11, 2019.
INTERVIEW 469: Employee of the state government of Mato Grosso do Sul (department for cul-tural affairs), Campo Grande, April 6, 2019.
INTERVIEW 470: Representative of a transnational environmental NGO, Campo Grande, April 8, 2019.
INTERVIEW 472: Representative of the state government of Mato Grosso do Sul (sub-department for indigenous affairs), Campo Grande, April 9, 2019.
INTERVIEW 473: Deputy of the legislative assembly of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, April 10, 2019.
INTERVIEW 474: Indigenous spokesperson. Campo Grande, April 10, 2019.
INTERVIEW 475: Representative of a local environmental NGO, Campo Grande, April 12, 2019.
INTERVIEW 476: Lawyer and representative of the agribusiness, Skype interview, April 25, 2019.
INTERVIEW 500: Representative of a transnational NGO, Campo Grande, August 12, 2019.
INTERVIEW 502: Indigenous leader, Miranda, August 16, 2019 .
INTERVIEW 503: Daughter of a large landowner, Campo Grande, August 18, 2019.
INTERVIEW 504: Agribusiness lawyer, Campo Grande, August 20, 2019.
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